Blog Post 61 : Test Day

Today in class we took a test on Feudalism, i got an 80 better than I thought , and after we took the test we just chilled for the rest of the class

BLog Post 60: Study Guide for Feudalism test

Today in class were just reviewing for Feudalism and filling in a study guide; of vocab words: 

Feudalism- A term coined by historians to describe the type of government institutions, as well as the general social and political relationship, that existed among the warrior-landholders in much of Europe during the Middle Ages/who takes care of you and who you take care of

Feudal Compact- An arrangement between a lord and his vassal involving the exchange of property for personal service---A deal

fief- Property

vassal- A person who enters into a contract with their lord; lower of the two

knight- A person who pledged his allegiance to a lord, and in turn the lord would give him land for his protection

homage- A vassal’s act of promising loyalty and obedience to his lord; pledge of loyalty

serf- People who were bound to the land and to the lords for labor service a few days each week---- farmers,lower class people

baron- A great lord who exercised government authority over vast family territory --- the next step up from being a lord

peasantry- Lower end of the common people. Those who farmed on large plantations known a “manors” which were owned by a lord, or lady of the nobility (or member of the clergy)

estates- In the Middle Ages, the groups that made up society: often defined as those who pray, those who fight, and those who work

manor - The principal farming property and social unit of a medieval community, usually belonging to a member of the feudal nobility or to a Church institution

three-field-system - A method of crop rotation designed to maintain the fertility of the soil and to provide for a regular supply of fall and spring crops

internal colonization - The process of cultivating and settling in formerly wild land in medieval Europe --- Making the land your own

suburb - People who lived outside the walls of a town

guild - unions or an organization of merchants or craftspeople who regulated the activities of their members and set standards and prices

master - A craftsman who had the right to operate workshops, train others, and vote on guild business

journeyman - A licensed artisan who had served an apprenticeship and who was employed by a master and paid at a fixed rate per day

apprentice - A learner in the shop of a master; Beginner

masterpiece- The process done to become a master

water mill- A watermill is a structure that uses a water wheel or turbine to drive a mechanical process such as flour, lumber or textile production, or metal shaping.

iron plow- A farm implement consisting of a heavy blade at the end of a beam, usually hitched to a draft team or motor vehicle and used for breaking up soil babow

Blog Post 59 : Review Notes

Today in class we reviewed the powerpoint we went over yesterday.

Blog Post 58: Chapter 11

Feudalism

• is a term used by historians to describe the governmental systems and the relationships between landowners and warriors 
• Warriors, known as knights, would pledge his allegiance to a lord, who would in turn given that knight land 
• Fief: Property; peace of land 
• Vassal: Servant, Knight , they take care of you 
• the lord would grant fief to the knight, who would then become the lord's vassal this was called the "feudal compact" 

Homage & knighthood 

• A vassal was required to pay a homage to his lord, usually this meant kneeling down and taking the lord's hands in his while speaking an oath of loyalty 
• Knight would start learning the way of "knight life" at age 13 or so 
• If the knight died the fief would revert to his son, though the lord would be the protector of that son / daughter 

The feudalization of the Church 

• Some clergy were known to fight as knights themselves

Feudal States 

• Barons: were lords of large territories who usually paid homage to a king 
• Your control of a larger area 
• Often a baron's army could outnumber that of a king, which kept a check on the king's power

The Manorial Estate 

• Medieval society was divided into 3 "estates": the clergy , the nobility, and the common people 
• Usually the peasantry framed in large plantations known as "manors" which were owned by a lord or lady of the nobility ( or a member of the clergy ) 
• To maintain the health of the soil the "three-field system" was used where 2 field were planted ( on the fall , one in spring ) and one field was left to reconstitute its fertility - then they were rotated 

The people of the Manor 

• The lord job was to oversee the crops, and just be a lord and run things 
• The wife / lady; ran the household oversaw servants, entertained guest and ran the manor when her husband was away 
• Most peasants were serfs
• They were bound to the land and their lords for "labor service" a few days each days 

 The Location and Appearance of Towns 

• Towns had fortified walls; to keep people in and keep those out, out 
• Residences also sprang up outside the walls in the suburbs 

Trade and Towns 

• Buildings for the craft guilds and the wealthiest families would also be in the center of the town 
• The life of townspeople 
• though townspeople were free, unlife serfs, they still had a hierarchy: merchants at the top, then skilled craftsmen and artisans, then unskilled laborers and apprentices 
• The leading families of the towns usually held all the governmental offices, though most adult males could vote 

The Guilds

• Merchants, craftsmen and artisans formed their own groups called guilds which regulated their trade and protected its members
• Craftsmen were classified as masters, journeymen, and apprentices
• Guilds participated in religious feasts and festivals social organizations and usually provided well for charities \
• 
  

Blog Post 57: Review Test

Today in class we just reviewed our test or pop quizzes we recently took.

Blog Post 56: After Rome 500 - 700 A.D.

Germanic Kingdoms of Western Europe 

• The Germanic Barbarians 
• Barbarian warlords and their families who assimilated into Roman culture became the “nobles” or aristocrats of medieval Europe
• Germanic tribes who ruled former Roman lands sought to conquer and assimilate other barbarian peoples who lived beyond the frontiers and were still pagans
• More on Germanic Kingdoms
• The Angles and the Saxons (from Denmark and northwestern Germany) invaded Britain and assimilated the native Britons
• Most of the Anglo-Saxons were converted to Christianity in the seventh century
• Christianity became part of the government 
• The most powerful Germanic tribe was the Franks
• The real power lay with the “mayors of the palace” who were royal officials and nobles themselves
• Most powerful are the Franks; they stayed put in Germany & France though 
• The government has come more and more less important 
• Meanwhile, back in the Eastern Empire 
•  From "Eastern Empire" to "Byzantium" 
• The Eastern Roman Empire continued on while the west was now divided up by the barbarian tribes 
• When the emperor Justinian came to power in 527, he decided to reunite the entire Roman Empire by re-conquering the western territories
• Europe in the 500's just lost a lot of power 
• Justinian succeeded for a time, but the land he re-took was soon conquered by new barbarian tribes and a massive plague depopulated much of the west
• Its a Christian Empire now 
• Greek Byzantine emperors saw themselves as Roman emperors and the heads of the Christian Church
• It was getting hard to tell the difference between who had power and who was a churhc leader 
• the Church had  a lot of power 
• Byzantines preserved Greco-Roman art, architecture, philosophy and writing despite much of it being non-Christian
• Justinian built the massive domed Hagia Sophia ("Holy Wisdom") in Constantinople, considered to be the most glorious church on earth at the time
• Was trying to restore Europe 
• Built one of the most glorious church 
• Third version finished in 537, the Cathedral of Hagia Sophia, Justinian’s cathedral was later a mosque and is now a museum
• Using knowledge of the geometry of curves, it has a dome supported by arches high in the air that remained a model for both church-builders and mosque-builders for more than a thousand years

Blog Post 55: Rome fades away

Two Emperors 

• Diocletian 
• rules from 284 - 303 
• Persecuted Christians 
• Thought Rome needed a bigger army ( 400,000 strong ) and needed a bigger government        ( 20,000 officials ) 
• Constantine 
• Rules from 306 - 337 
• Believed it was okay to be a Christian
• 313 - His Edict of Milan proclaims freedom of worship 
• Built a new capital in the East  
• Byzantium, but became known as Constantinople 
• The Struggle of the peasants 
• Life in the 4th century 
• People in the country are becoming bankrupted; by endless tax collection 
• New framing system: peasants work for elite landlords on large farms
• paying off debts and being "allowed" to live on the land, in exchange for endless back-breaking work
• Which leads to feudalism
• the empire is in its death row; becoming less and less an interests to the people
• The western Empire crumbles
• The power of Rome is decreasing; while the nomadic barbarians gain power
• Western Empire is too poor , and begins to be neglected 
• In 410 - Visigoths took over Spain, and captured and looted Rome itself 
• Vandals control Carthage and the western Mediterranean other barbarian tribes: 
• These are the people that got to take over in the 5th & 6th century
• Ostrogoths in Italy
• Franks in Gaul
• Angles and Saxons in Britain
• Invasions !
• 
• Paths of how Rome really couldn't defends itself from different people 
• They didn't have the army any more and really couldn't protect it 
• End of an Era 
• from the beginnings...
• • 500 BC - the monarchy is abolished
• • 450 BC - the Twelve Tables are established

• through the glory days.....
• 44 BC - end of the line for Julius Caesar
• 27 BC - 180 AD - the Roman Peace (Pax Romana)
• to the bitter end .....
• constant fifth century invasions by barbarian tribes left the western Roman Empire shattered and crumbling
• the last emperor was a teenage boy installed in 475 by his father
• barbarians deposed Romulus Augustulus without bothering to kill him

Blog Post 54: Class was horrible

Today we took a test that we barely reviewed for; which i did terrible on: its cool though. Well for Hw we have to read tonight, Chapter 10 - Europe Takes Shape 700-1000 (LO-1) p. 164 to 173

• After 700 A.D. 
• the renewal of European civ. in the West began with the rise of power of a new dynasty in the Frankish kingdom, the Carolingians 
• Around 800 A.D. 
• the Carolingian warrior-king charlemagne was able to conquer barbarian people in central Europe 

The Carolingians 

• By 700 A.D. 
• the kingdom of the Franks; was seemingly falling apart 
• it was divided among rival kings of the Merovingian dynasty; each controlled by a "mayor of the place" 

The Rise of the Carolingian Dynasty 

• Charles 
• ruthless & warlike ruler 
• went down in history as Charles Martel "Charles the Hammer" 
• Being a Frankish warrior-landowner it was important to reward follower as well as to crush opponents
• In 732
• An Arab army moved out of the occupied territory on a large-scale raid far north into the Frankish kingdom

Charlemagne 

• Charlemagne 
• the french version of "Charles the Great" 
• made his capital at Aachen which was surrounded by a productive crown lands in the heart of the ancient Frankish territories
• His palace chapel was the first important stone building to be made north of the Alps after the fall of Rome  it itself indicates the slow recovery of the West
• Charlemagne was also concerned over the low level of education and scholarship in his realm and issued a decree instructing bishops and abbots to improve the training of clergy

Government: The Church and the State 

The Restoration of the "Roman Empire" 

• The most dramatic event of Charlemagne's rule was his coronation as "Charles Augustus, Emperor of the Romans" 
• this event took place on Christmas Day,800,

Blog Post 53 : Questions

Today in class we just went over a few things and made up some question that may be in the test 

-     What’s a princeps

a.       1^st citizen , with a traditional Roman name

2.       What the title Caesar means?

a.       A title to the designated successor of a regaining empire

3.       When did the Pax Romana begin?

a.       27 B.C. and it lasted 207 years

4.       What steps did Augustus go through to build a government?

a.       He brought the government under his control

b.      Showed respect for local institutions

c.       He reorganized the army

5.       What did Constantine do for the roman empire

a.       He made so that people don't have to be scared to be a Christian or any other religion

6.       Who took over after Augustus and what was his relationship to him?

a.       His name was Tiberius and he was his stepson

7.       What was the revision of Constantine

a.       The cross in the sky saying conquer  by this

8.       Where did it take place?

a.       Battle of milvian bridge

b.      Right before battle he prayed to the Christian god and then the cross in the sky appeared

9.       What did he do right before he went into battle?

a.       They painted crosses on their shields

10.   What god did the Christians have to give sacrifices too after the fire?

a.       Jupiter

11.   What new government under decollation had how many officials?

a.       20,000

12.   What were the 3 out of the five problems in the roman empire

a.       Epidemic disease

b.      They couldn't defend the frontier against barbarians

c.       Emperors began to lose their hold on powers

d.      They didn't have a big enough army because it was too expensive to maintain

13.   Who did Christianity appeal too?

a.       Poor people because there was a lot of them and they were vulnerable and the other ones made rich people feel like they were the only worthy ones but Christianity goes out to all people.

14.   What did the edict of Milan do?

a.       Constantine declared it and it tolerated all religions.    

Blog Post 52 : The Replacements

Today in class, Grace and Kelly taught the class. We just mainly went over the notes we took from the other day. And reviewed there blog , which is below:

http://gracewestciv.blogspot.com/

Blog Post 51: The struggles in Rome

99 Problem ( Just a few below )

• In the 3rd century AD:
• epidemic disease spreads throughout the Empire 
• its too hard to defend the frontier against the barbarians
• emperors began to lose their power 
• Stayed in power for about 2 1/2 yrs., 
• Maintaining armies is expensive 
• Too many poverty-stricken citizens 

Diocletian to the rescue !!!!

• 284 AD - Diocletian's reforms
• increases the size of the army to 4000,000
• 1/3 bigger than during Augustus' time 
• recruit from the ranks of the barbarians 
• Divide Roman territories into smaller provinces 
• this new government had 200,000 officials 
• they were better at collecting taxes - this provided for a larger army 

Time marches on...

• 300 AD 
• 60 million people in the Roman empire 
• several million Christians 
• Christianity has quite an appeal to the poor 
• Some christians are even gaining positions of power, becoming the ruling elite ( Becoming in charge ) 

To prosecute or not to persecute ?

• Diocletian ( ruled from 284 - 305 ) left Christians alone at first 
• then he undertook the most systematic persecution of all
• What was his persecution ?
• About 3000-4000 Christians were killed and thousands more were tortured. He burned several churches to the ground. 
• What did he do to change the Roman empire ? 
• the structure of Roman imperial government and helped stabilize the Empire economically and militarily, enabling the Empire to remain essentially intact for another hundred years despite being near the brink of collapse in Diocletian's youth
• Constantine ruled as emperor 306 - 337 
• What was the connection with Christianity ?
• He ultimately gave Christianity political and social legitimacy in the Roman Empire, thus allowing the young religion to establish itself, obtain powerful patrons, and ultimately dominate 
• How did he restructure the empire ?
• He made Christianity the roman religion 
• United the Romans more than the attempts to unite under the pagan gods
• 1. He changed the capital of the Greek city to Byzantium

Blog Post 50: 2nd test on Rome Review

today in class we went over the test we took yesterday; which I did terrible on ......... Sadly.And we took notes on the powerpoint he presented :
Christianity in the Pax Romana
Christianity - Roots

• What we know of Jesus come from the "Gospels" Matthew, Mark, Luke & John 
• Gospel means good news 
• Jesus taught that one must strive for perfection since God was perfect, and Jesus sought out the imperfect in society 
• Jesus believed he was Messiah 
• He was seen to be a threat to the Roman Empire; For many reason:
• He was trying to in-power people spiritually
• He was Jewish  
• The followers who attempted to spread the word of his teachings were known as apostles
• And they believed that he is both human / divine , also that he rose from the dead ans ascended to heaven

Start spreading the news 

• Paul of Tarsus was a Jew who became a follower of Jesus after a miraculous vision on the road to Damascus
• He help found other churches , stay in touch with other Christians; by writing letters 
• Paul talked of “predestination” which meant that God chose who was to be saved and who was to be damned

Blog Post 49: LO-2 Christianity in the Era of the Roman Peace

We took a test in class today , it was pretty surprising. But after the test we were assigned to take notes on the topic/section above:

#VOCAB:

• Apostles: Jesus's followers and messengers of his teachings 
• Clergy: Church,ministers,bishops,priests & deacons - who guide the laity 
• Laity: Those members of the church who are not clergy 

• First 200 yrs. - Christianity acquired many lasting features of it's belief and practices
• Jesus 
• A.D. - Destruction of the Temple ; during the period of Jewish conflict  
• Scholars debate how much of the gospels "Good news" reflect Jesus actual words and deeds
• The Teacher 
• Like the Pharisees; Jesus.........
•  obeyed the Law 
• Visited the Temple 
• Called for acceptance of Roman rule , while standing apart from the Temple priest 
• He appealed to a long-standing Jewish tradition 
• However Jesus took this tradition farther than ever before 
• He taught that most faithful righteousness according to the Law fell far short of what was necessary to please God 
• Paul 
• 30 yrs. after Jesus's death, his apostles worked hard to proclaim his "good news" 
• This success brought Jesus's believers face to face with serious questions 
• Gentiles and the Law 
• During his travels; by letter , Paul kept in touch with distant groups of believers 
• Letters written between; 50 & 60 A.D. in Greek 
• The international language of Jews and Gentiles 
• The Life of Early Believers 
• Paul called them by a Greek name used by the Jewish congregations outside Judaea - ekklesia which means " assembly " translated as "church " 
• Earliest churches, there was no formal structure of authority and power 
• The Break with Judaism 
• During Paul lifetime he reproached his fellow Jews for distrusting his vision of Jews and Gentiles "all one in Christ Jesus" 
• 60 A.D. - Jesus died probably beheaded on Rome as a Jewish troublemaker tje vision faded 
• 70 A.D. - The Temple's destruction; most believers in Jesus took as Gods abandonment of the Jews for rejecting the Messiah 
• The Church
• Yrs. passed and Christ didn't return 
• his believers didn't lose their faith that he would one day come , for there was more time to spread the good news  
• Clergy and Laity 
• Early in the 2nd century :
• Churches began to choose bishops as permanent chiefs; priests who assisted the bishops in teaching and worship; and deacons 
• This organization developed from the churches were growing larger  
• Now that the churches had formal rulers , women lost some for the share in leadership 
• They still worked as deacons taking care of the poor / sick 
• The wealthy women wielded weighty influence as owners of houses where Christian gatherings were held for until the 4th century 
• women as well as men were revered if they fell victim to persecution or lived lives Christian self - denial 
• 
  

Blog Post 48 : Class

Today in class in class , we just worked on our Essay that's due Monday. On the assignment we have to reach minimum of 500 words , which we already did and were gonna be way over the limit. But we're working on Google Docs so the both of us can work on it.

Blog Post 47 : Class Notes - The overthrow of the Roman Republic

• What's wrong with Rome 
• People have problems 
• The soldiers/farmers lost their farm's when they returned from Italy 
• They were Proletarian 
• Hey ! It'd s Living 
• War Profiteers ( the Rich / Military officers ) 
• Bought ruined farms 
• 150 B.C. slaves made-up 1/3 of the population of Italy 
• Small plots were merged into large estates: used for; vineyards, olive groves or pastureland for livestock 
• The Gracchi attempt reform 
• They tried to help get rights for the poor 
• murdered by the senate 
• The plan ( could have worked & changed history ) 
• Resettle the city's poor 
• Provide a public subsidy of grain 
• this plan would raise the # of independent self sufficient farmers 
• reduce gap between rich & poor Tribunes came short of time , only could serve 1 yr. 
• His re-election simply enraged his enemies 
• Senate killed Tiberius & over 300 of hi supporters
• Gaius ( 9 yrs. younger ) makes it his goal to carry his brother job 
• But soon he also got killed by the Senate 
• The start of the rise of Julius Caesar 
• talented patrician 
• formed a unique gov. with 2 former sulla 
• Pompey: Accomplished general 
•  Crassus: Richest man in Rome 
• Julius conquered parts of Britain & Germany ( in 8 yrs. ) 
• Giving him great wealth & power
• Power & Ambition 
• Pompey's is jealous & the Senate is worried 
• they tell Caesar to disband his army before returning to Rome 
• He didn't listen and crossed the Rubicon and maked a grand, heroic entrance 
• Pompey gets defeated in Greece 
• Large & In charge 
• 46 B.C. - claimed the title of "Father of the Fatherland" 
• J.Caesar appointed himself as; supreme po
• With his power he extended Roman citizenship to parts of Gaul 
• Build splendid buildings / roads 
• March 15 ( 44 B.C. ): Murder of J.Caesar by the Senate 
• Senate felt he was doing to much  
• And was trying to do the right thing for the republican 
• After the Murder 
• Mark Antony & Octavian ( 18 yrs. ) each got some of J.Caesar's troops and formed NEW triumvirate with another warland - Lepidus 
• They battled each-other 
• M.Antony has a love affair with Cleopatra ( Ruler of Egypt ) - unpopular in Rome 
• Octavian pushes out Lepidus 
• When everything Settles 
• Octavian is supreme warland 
• Runs military dictatorship 
• The name "Augustus" - revered one 
• In charge of greatest empire in the world 
• Start of Pax Romana ( Roman Place )

Blog Post 46 : Movie continued

In class we continued the movie ; and the main part we watched was about,Tiberius getting married to a woman, but through an arranged marriage. That brought two families together. At the end of the day Tiberius got killed because they thought that he was trying to become king. All he wanted to do was give the power to the people / give them a voice. But the Senate thought that he wanted all the power for himself. The Senate ended up chasing him and beating him to death, and then throwing his body into the Tiber River.

Blog Post 45 : Movie Class

Today in class we watched a video about Rome that the BBC (British broadcasting) made, and didn't discuss much. I really didn't keep up with it much... Monday, i was tired and, yeah so it didn't go as planned.. Overall the clips were kinda boring and good but  informative.

Blog Post 44: Class

Today in class we just went over our test . It was a cool class, but we just keep going off track a lot and it was annoying , I could say.

Blog Post 43 : quiz

Today in western civilization, we took our Tizz , it was kinda easy accept there were a few questions I didn't really know the answer to. After we finished the quest we just hung out and talked and got our homework. a reading we have to do.

Blog Post 42: Punic War Notes

• The Punic War came from the Poeni latin name for the Phoenicians 
• Were fought on land and sea in 3 different rounds between 264 and 146 B.C. 
• 1st War 
• After the welfare , Rome was able to force Carthage out of Sicily, but the North African city kept the rest of it's empire  
• 2nd War 
• The carthaginian general Hannibal invaded Italy  defeated several Roman armies, and brought Rome to the brink of defeat 
• End of 2nd war ended in 202 B.C., Carthage was disarmed and helpless
• 3rd War 
• 146 B.C. 
• Carthage was captured after bitter fighting 
• the senate ordered the city to be leveled 
• people were sold into slavery
• in 202 B.C - ROme had won control of the western Mediterranean   

Blog Post 41: More Rome Notes

• 3 Punic War : Carthage vs. Rome 
• Hannibal - General from carthage 28 yrs. old 
• he sent soldiers to attack Rome; from the Northern area which Rome wasn't prepared for plus they attacked with elephants  
• They went through the Pyrenees Mountains and the Alps -- but they people were a fail 
• And Rome won 
• Rome decided to become just plain heartless and crush carthage
• The rich is getting richer ; the own who owned land 
• 1/3 rd of Rome's population are slaves   
• Lots didn't live a comfortable life 
• Woman weren't able to keep-up with farmland, cause the men were at war 
• So rich would come in and try to buy their land , because it wasn't being taking care of 
• Latifundia -  A large farm worked by slaves 
• After the fact of the men came home and they didn't have anything
• So they moved to Rome , to find better opportunities ( better life )  
• they were poor / desserped
• The urban poor made most of the population in Rome 
•  They went into welfare and gave them enough food and entertained them with gladiator shows ( fights ) 
• Gladiator Fights 
• People fight till death; Criminals , christians and animals 
• The Gracchus Brothers 
• Tried to change the Gov. 
• Said to the rich people "You got more then you need, give some back to the soldiers that were soldiers in Punic War / the poor"
• But the rich just laughed 
• And there idea spreaded and gotten popular by the people, but the rich didn't like it , so one of the brothers got killed and thrown into the Tiber River  

Blog Post 40 : Rome Notes

• 3 groups of people settled in Rome 
• Rome was built on swampland; messy, marshe
• Tarquin got ran out of town, cause of his son's crime 
• Tarquin was the last king of Monarchy / ROme 
• Town put their heads together to make a combo the governments 
• Democracy 
• Aristocracy 
• Monarchy 
• Had 2 consuls - if one had a crazy idea, one could veto the other 
• Once they were consul , they couldn't run again till 10 yrs. later 
• Chosen by senate 
• Law couldn't be a secret, so then they craved the 12 tables and placed them where everyone could see / know 
• Roman Legion - Around 4-5,000 soldiers they were mobile , they move quick , and some were on horseback ( Cavalry )
•   

Blog Post 39: Sub

Today we had a asub, didn't do much but work on our video . Which we got a good start on , but then it got erased ; because it wasn't properly saved. So we have to start all over : ((

Plog Post 38 : Ummmmm 0.o

We really didn't do anything , but start our movie project. which i really annoying and i hate it. We not getting any progress really. I hope things improve. Well yeah. Peace.

Blog 37 : Roman Expansion LO2

Our presentation comic link is below and I worked with Alexandra. And my notes are below from the chapter section:
http://www.pixton.com/comic/1kjyyvxm

• Their 1st war was against the neighboring Etruscans, competing Italian tribes and barbarian invaders
• Roman;s main assets in effort was its superior army 

Allies and Colonies 

• The Romans were shrewdly generous in their treatment of defeated enemies 
• THey tightened their control over the Italian peninsula by creating a network of colonies of settlers from Rome 
• Rome had its share of incompetent commanders and panicky soldiers 
• however disastrously its armies might be defeated, there were always other armies to take their place 

The Punic Wars 

• 250 B.C. - Roman methods of conquest and administration paid handsome dividends , all of Italy south of the River Po was in Romans hands 
• this success brought Rome into collision with a rival-state beyond the sea 
• 700 B.C. - Phoenician colonists  was founded 
• The Punic Wars were waged on land and sea in 3 vicious rounds between 264 and 146 B.C.
• At the end of the Second Punic War in 202 B.C., Carthage was disarmed and helpless.
• Eventually, fearing a Carthaginian revival, Rome provoked a third war, and in 146 B.C., Carthage was captured after bitter fighting. In a final act of vengeance, the Senate ordered the city
•  in 202 B.C., Rome had won control of the western Mediterranean.

Conquering an Empire

• The former possessions of Carthage in Sicily, Spain, and Africa became the first Roman provinces
• after 27 B.C., that the provinces began to share in the benefits of Roman order.
•  some local rulers survived by becoming client kings, bound to Rome by ties of allegiance and support like those between Roman patrons and clients
• in the first century A.D. their kingdoms were mostly absorbed into the empire as normal provinces
• Rome's first involvement was in Greece, and it grew out of a special invitation
• Around 200 B.C., ambassadors from various Greek city-states appealed to Rome for aid in resisting the king of Macedonia, who had been allied with Carthage

Blog Post 36 - Rap Tastic

Today in class Mr.Shick did his rap about Rome , which is posted below , and also he went over a few more important notes.

Well, you got the Etruscans and the Greeks

But the Latins came first

To the shores of the River Tiber

They drained a swamp (They drained a swamp)

Next thing you know

Livin’ in Rome, Rome, Rome, Rome, Rome, Rome, Rome, Rome

Now Tarquin’s kinda proud

But he got a little loud (little loud)

They turned around and ran that tyrant outta town (hey!)

Next thing you know (next thing you know)

No kings no more

Happened in Rome, Rome, Rome, Rome, Rome, Rome, Rome, Rome

 

Hey, we got three governments rolled into one

Patricians and plebeians havin’ some fun

Two consuls gotta be better than one

Brand new republic ready to run

Democracy

Aristocracy

Plus monarchy

Not a tyranny

Ho-o-o-old up wait a minute, do I see what I think I… hey!

That’s a Roman legion clear as day

5000 soldiers not in it for pay

Group of eighty’s a century

On horseback is the cavalry

Shield, sword, dagger, and armor and tunic

Fightin ’gainst Carthage in wars that are Punic

Hannibal riding on elephant back

Crossing the Alps just to launch his attack

So now you get the picture (picture)

All the rich are getting richer (richer)

And they’re livin’ on the latifundia

Farmers can’t cope (They just can’t cope)

They’re low on hope

They moved to Rome, Rome, Rome, Rome, Rome, Rome, Rome, Rome

I can hear the brothers Gracchus

Sayin, “Rich, please don’t attack us” (don’t attack us)

“We got a feeling that the senators will whack us” (hey!)

They hit the floor (they hit the floor)

Next thing you know

It’s civil war, war, war, war, war, war, war, war

Hey, let me take you back to 60 BC

It’s the start of the rise of Julius C

He grabbed two dudes and he formed a team

It’s a triumvirate -- that’s a group of three

“Crassus (come on), Pompey (come on), I’m JC! (come on)

We three will rule!

What you think I'm playin, baby girl?  I'm the man!

I'm conquering Gaul!”

All of his soldiers gave him their devotion

That’s why he swept over Gaul just like an ocean

Pompey couldn’t understand all the commotion

When he crossed the Rubicon, he kept up motion

It’s just like a potion

Caesar had self-locomotion

Power’s an ambitious emotion

Dictator is not a demotion

It’s promotion

But in 44 BC (BC)

On a day called March 15 (Ides of March)

Brutus and the Senate murdered Julius C

He hit the floor (he hit the floor)

Next thing you know

Caesar’s no more, more, more, more, more, more, more, more

You know he’s so depressed

23 stab wounds in his chest (in his chest)

He saw his friend and he raised one last protest (hey!)

“Et tu, Brute?” (Et tu, Brute?)

That’s what he say

Cuz he felt low, low, low, low, low, low, low, low

 

Only eighteen, Octavian makin’ the scene

He says, “I tell you what,

Got a new triumvirate

Here’s my boy Lepidus

And Mark Antony I trust”

(‘Til Marky met this chick

Cleopatra from Egypt)

Octavian was freakin’

Lust for power started peakin’

“Don’t try to play me or my navy,

At Actium you won’t slay me”

“O” won that game

Did explain

Now Augustus was his name

All his subjects did proclaim

He’s in the Roman Hall of Fame

Twenty-seven BC (BC)

For a couple hundred years (207)

Pax Romana is the word that brings the cheers (Yay!)

They’re on a roll (they’re on a roll)

They built some roads

Leading to Rome, Rome, Rome, Rome, Rome, Rome, Rome, Rome

Slaves don’t have many rights and

Then there’s gladiator fightin’ (OW!)

People find the Circus Maximus excitin’ (hey!)

Blood on the floor (knee-deep in gore)

And now you know

All about Rome, Rome, Rome, Rome, Rome, Rome, Rome, Rome

(C'mon!)

• You can be rich and still be a plebeian, the difference is you don't have the influence or connection. You could become a patrician by maybe marrying into it. 
• You were either one or the other and most of the time you were born into it. 
• Consul was the senate in its original form. the Senate had 300 people in it. Among the 300 were two Consul who were more powerful than the rest. They were in charge of military and ran everything. After Tarquin they did not want to see only one person with all the power. The reason they had two people was so that each of the consul had veto power on the other. They could either both agree but one could say no and it would not happen. 
• It was bad though because they do not want one to get super powerful. Consul serve for one year a piece but then wouldn't be able to run again for another 10 years. 
• Rome might every once and awhile have an emergency and then they would name a dictator, one person, who doesn't need to consult that could act on the matter quickly, and the dictator was only there for 6 months. 
• The patricians had a lot of power in the government. The plebeians did not have any legal written protection.
• The 12 Tables: set of laws that were written down and posted publicly of the laws of the land in Rome. It described what rights people had if someone committed a crime against them.
• This gave them some sort of protection against patricians.
•  around 450 B.C. the tables were written.
• The plebeians then got their own branch of government, and could make suggestions.
• They had their own consuls and farmers started to elect tributes.
• It gave them the right to veto laws against the Senate.